F2LLM

F2LLM-v2 is a family of general-purpose, multilingual embedding models in 8 distinct sizes ranging from 80M to 14B. Trained on a curated composite of 60 million publicly available high-quality data, F2LLM-v2 supports more than 200 languages, with a particular emphasis on previously underserved mid- and low-resource languages.

F2LLM-v2 is fully open. We release base models in 5 sizes, instruct models in 8 sizes, the training data, the training code, and intermediate checkpoints. The three smallest instruct models are pruned and trained from the 0.6B base model.

Performance

The F2LLM-v2 family set a new state-of-the-art on a wide range of MTEB benchmarks, including Code, European, Scandinavian, German, French, Spanish, Polish, Dutch, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai, Indic, Persian, among others.

For details, refer to the MTEB leaderboard.

Usage

With Sentence Transformers

To encode text with the Sentence Transformers library:

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
model = SentenceTransformer("codefuse-ai/F2LLM-v2-14B", device="cuda:0", model_kwargs={"torch_dtype": "bfloat16"})
# Some sample query and documents
query = "What is F2LLM used for?"
documents = [
    'We present F2LLM, a family of fully open embedding LLMs that achieve a strong balance between model size, training data, and embedding performance.',
    'F2LLM is a model for computing text embeddings that can be used for various NLP tasks such as information retrieval, semantic search, and text classification.',
    'F2LLM 是 CodeFuse 开源的系列嵌入模型。',
    'F2LLM — это модель вычисления встраивания текста, которую можно использовать для различных задач НЛП, таких как поиск информации, семантический поиск и классификация текста.'
]
# Encode the query and documents separately. The encode_query method uses the query prompt
query_embedding = model.encode_query(query)
document_embeddings = model.encode_document(documents)
print(query_embedding.shape, document_embeddings.shape)
# (5120,) (4, 5120)
# Compute cosine similarity between the query and documents
similarity = model.similarity(query_embedding, document_embeddings)
print(similarity)
# tensor([[0.5773, 0.8323, 0.7229, 0.8062]])

With Transformers

Or directly with the Transformers library:

from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
model_path = "codefuse-ai/F2LLM-v2-14B"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_path, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, device_map={'': 0})
query = "What is F2LLM used for?"
query_prompt = "Instruct: Given a question, retrieve passages that can help answer the question.\nQuery: "
documents = [
    'We present F2LLM, a family of fully open embedding LLMs that achieve a strong balance between model size, training data, and embedding performance.',
    'F2LLM is a model for computing text embeddings that can be used for various NLP tasks such as information retrieval, semantic search, and text classification.',
    'F2LLM 是 CodeFuse 开源的系列嵌入模型。',
    'F2LLM — это модель вычисления встраивания текста, которую можно использовать для различных задач НЛП, таких как поиск информации, семантический поиск и классификация текста.'
]
def encode(sentences):
    batch_size = len(sentences)
    # the tokenizer will automatically add eos token
    tokenized_inputs = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, return_tensors='pt').to(model.device)
    last_hidden_state = model(**tokenized_inputs).last_hidden_state
    eos_positions = tokenized_inputs.attention_mask.sum(dim=1) - 1
    embeddings = last_hidden_state[torch.arange(batch_size, device=model.device), eos_positions]
    embeddings = F.normalize(embeddings, p=2, dim=1)
    return embeddings
# Encode the query and documents
query_embedding = encode([query_prompt + query])
document_embeddings = encode(documents)
print(query_embedding.shape, document_embeddings.shape)
# torch.Size([1, 5120]) torch.Size([4, 5120])
# Compute cosine similarity between the query and documents
similarity = query_embedding @ document_embeddings.T
print(similarity)
# tensor([[0.5781, 0.8281, 0.7227, 0.8047]], device='cuda:1',
#        dtype=torch.bfloat16, gra